Chlorine is used in the manufacturing of paper and in textile industry.It is commonly used as a water disinfectant. Chlorine is widely used as a disinfectant as it can kill various kinds of bacteria.PVC is used in making a wide range of products, including water pipes, car interiors, vinyl flooring, insulations of wire and blood bags. Chlorine is abundantly used making synthetic polymer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC).Several organochlorides have been found in human, animals, plants as well as bacteria. Organic compounds of chlorine, C-Cl bonds are quite common and are considered as a common functional group in organic chemistry. Chlorine oxides are highly unstable, and all are extremely exothermic. Chlorine reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen chloride (HCl), which has a wide range of industrial and laboratory applications. Chlorine can readily react with almost all elements in the periodic table to form binary chlorides, except for oxygen, and the Nobel gases (excluding xenon). Element chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent, however, among halogens, it is still weaker than fluorine but stronger than bromine. Chemical CharacteristicsĬhlorine is a very reactive non-metal and has a reactivity that is intermediate between fluorine and bromine. Chlorine is a very poor conductor of electricity. Chlorine becomes colorless at low temperature (-195C). Chlorine has a diatomic molecular structure, that is why its heat of vaporization quite low, which lead to high volatile nature of chlorine. The boiling and melting point of chlorine is also intermediate between fluorine and bromine. It is a greenish yellow dense gas and has a pungent smell. Physical CharacteristicsĬhlorine is a non-metal.
According to an estimate, around 40 million tons of chlorine gas is made each year from brine. Chlorine compounds, chlorofluorocarbons are present in high quantities and damage the ozone layer, eventually increasing the global warming. Elemental chlorine, in very small quantities is produced during an immune response of white blood cells against bacteria by the oxidation of chloride. Inside the cell, chloride ions function to maintain a balanced environment of negative ions against the positive potassium and sodium ions. Chloride ions are ubiquitous in all living organisms. Elemental chlorine is artificially produced from electrolysis of brine at commercial level. Among halogens, chlorine is the 2 nd most abundant element after fluorine. The dissolved chloride in sea water makes the biggest natural reserve of chloride, including the Dead Sea (Israel) and Great Salt Lake (Utah). The most common mineral is halite (sodium chloride), while other minerals include sylvite (potassium chloride) and carnallite. It is found as ionic compounds of chloride in the Earth’s crust.
#CHLORINE ATOM FREE#
Chlorine does not occur in free form in nature. It is the 21 st most abundant element in the earth’s crust and makes about 126 ppm of Earth’s crust.
Chlorine Periodic Table ClassificationĬhlorine is an abundant element. The name chlorine has been derived from khloros, that is Greek words for pale green color of chlorine gas. The discovery of chlorine as an element rather than a compound was made by Sir Humphry Davy in 1810. Later, Swedish chemist, Wilhelm Scheele, put forward a detailed study on the novel compound in 1774 and named it as, dephlogisticated muriatic acid air (muriatic acid was name of hydrochloric acid). Later in 1630, Jan Baptist Helmont proposed that chlorine is a gas, and not an oxide of an element. Chlorine is released when gold is dissolved in aqua regia, however, it was not identified or studied at that time. Elemental chlorine was isolated for the first time in around 1200, when aqua regia was discovered and was used to dissolve Nobel metals, like gold. History and DiscoveryĬhlorine compound, sodium chloride (table salt) has been known by human civilizations since prehistoric times and evidence of use of rock salt have been found from as early as 3000 BC. It was discovered as a distinct element in 1810. Chlorine is one of the most reactive gases and belong to the halogen group of periodic table.
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